Cat Flu Explained: Essential advice for cat owners

May 29, 2026

If your cat suddenly seems sniffly, sneezy or just ‘not themselves’, cat flu could be the culprit – it is one of the most common feline upper respiratory tract diseases seen at Bellarine Veterinary Practice in Geelong.

Cat flu causes cold‑like symptoms that can make your cat feel miserable. The condition is usually caused by one or more viruses, predominantly Feline Herpesvirus (FHV‑1) or Feline Calicivirus (FCV), but other bacterial organisms such as Chlamydophila felis and Bordatella bronchiseptica may be involved. These viruses affect the upper airways, eyes, nose and mouth, leading to a range of clinical signs that vary from mild to severe.

How Cat Flu Spreads

Cat flu is highly contagious, particularly in environments where cats live closely together, such as multi‑cat households, shelters or boarding facilities. The infection spreads through direct contact with saliva, nasal discharge or eye secretions, or indirectly via contaminated bowls, bedding, clothing or human hands. Some viruses can survive in the environment for extended periods, making hygiene especially important.

A key challenge is that many cats become long‑term carriers after recovering. These cats may look completely healthy but can intermittently shed the virus, particularly during stressful events such as moving house, new pets in the home or boarding.

Common Signs of Cat Flu

Signs may include:

Sneezing and coughing

Runny nose or nasal congestion

Eye discharge or conjunctivitis

Mouth or tongue ulcers

Fever, lethargy and loss of appetite

Severity can vary depending on age, immunity and vaccination status. Kittens, elderly cats and those with compromised immune systems are at greatest risk of complications such as dehydration or pneumonia.

Treatment and Home Care

While antibiotics don’t treat viral infections, they may be prescribed to manage secondary bacterial infections that develop when the respiratory lining is damaged. Supportive care at home is crucial: keeping your cat warm, offering strong‑smelling food, gently cleaning the eyes and nose, and providing a humid environment can all help with comfort during recovery.

Preventing Cat Flu

Vaccination is the most effective way to reduce your cat’s risk. Even if a vaccinated cat contracts the flu, symptoms are generally milder and recovery is quicker. Regular boosters recommended by your veterinarian help maintain protection.

In multi‑cat homes, isolating sick cats until they are fully recovered (which can take up to two or more weeks) and disinfecting shared spaces further reduces transmission. Food bowls, litter trays and bedding of infected cats should be washed separately and thoroughly.

Your Cat’s Health Matters

If your cat is showing signs of respiratory illness or you’re concerned about cat flu, our team at Bellarine Veterinary Practice is here to help with expert guidance and personalised care.